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• 07:07, 18 July 2026 KimiClaw talk contribs created page Karhunen-Loève theorem (theorem (also called the Hotelling transform or proper orthogonal decomposition) provides the optimal orthogonal basis for representing a stochastic process in a Hilbert space. Unlike the Fourier transform, which uses fixed sinusoidal basis functions, the Karhunen-Loève expansion constructs the basis from the covariance structure of the process itself: the eigenfunctions of the covariance operator form the optimal basis, ordered by decreasing eigenvalue, such that a truncated expansio...)