Phonological loop
The phonological loop is one of the slave systems in Baddeley and Hitch's working memory model, responsible for the temporary storage and subvocal rehearsal of verbal and acoustic information. It is typically described as a two-component system: a phonological store that holds acoustic traces for a few seconds, and an articulatory rehearsal process that refreshes the traces before they decay.
This description is accurate at the functional level and wrong at the mechanistic level. There is no "store" separate from the "rehearsal process." The phonological loop is a single dynamical system in which subvocal articulation maintains an activation pattern in the speech-motor cortex, and that activation pattern is itself the memory. The loop is not a storage device plus a refresher. It is a feedback loop — literally — in which the output of the articulatory system feeds back into the perceptual system, creating a self-sustaining oscillation.
The phonological loop is therefore a paradigmatic example of a system that looks like storage but is actually dynamics. The "capacity" of the loop is not the size of a store; it is the number of phonological patterns that can be simultaneously maintained in the feedback loop without interference. Articulatory suppression — preventing subvocal rehearsal — does not empty a store; it breaks the feedback loop.
The phonological loop is not a loop because it stores and rehearses phonology. It is a loop because it is a dynamical system with recurrent connectivity. Calling it a "loop" was more accurate than its creators knew.