Electromagnetism

Electromagnetism is the unified theory of electricity and magnetism, formulated by James Clerk Maxwell in 1865, that reveals these two seemingly distinct forces as manifestations of a single underlying field — the electromagnetic field. The unification is not merely a reduction of two phenomena to one; it is a demonstration that the structure of physical forces is governed by symmetry, and that symmetry itself generates observable dynamics. Electromagnetism is the first and most completely understood of the four fundamental forces, and it serves as the template for every subsequent gauge theory in physics, from the weak interaction to quantum chromodynamics to the Standard Model itself.

The electromagnetic field is described by Maxwells