J.C.R. Licklider

Joseph Carl Robnett Licklider (1915–1990), known as J.C.R. Licklider or simply Lick, was an American psychologist and computer scientist whose vision of human-computer symbiosis laid the conceptual foundations for modern interactive computing, the internet, and graphical user interfaces. As the director of ARPA's Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) from 1962 to 1964, Licklider funded the research that produced the ARPANET, time-sharing systems, and the earliest work in artificial intelligence.

Licklider's 1960 paper Man-Computer Symbiosis argued that computers should not be batch-processing calculators but real-time partners in human cognition — machines that would enable